Sistem kawalan banjir dengan menggunakan mikropengawal

Projek ini bertujuan membangunkan sistem kawalan bencana banjir dengan menggunakan mikropengawal. Sistem terdiri daripada satu mikropengawal, tiga sensors penampung, dua injap, satu motor pam air dan siren. Sistem ini membolehkan air banjir dialihkan ke dua aliran altematif dengan menggunakan dua injap. Motor pam air diaktifkan jika paras air mencapai paras yang ditetapkan. Siren berbunyi jika terjadi keadaan kritikal apabila kedua-dua aliran altematif adalah penuh dan sistem tidak dapat menampung air banjir. Amaran ini membolehkan orang ramai mengambil tindakan menyelamat nyawa dan harta benda. Mikropengawal membolehkan sistem beroperasi secara automatik tanpa komputer dan tenaga manusia. Sensors penampung adalah input kepada sistem untuk mengaktifkan output iaitu motor pam air, injap dan siren. Analisis pengaliran air dibuat untuk menentukan masa dan isipadu air melalui sistem. Cadangan untuk meningkatkan keupayaan sistem adalah penggunaan sensors ultrasonik bagi paras air dan amaran perkhidmatan pesanan ringkas (Short Message Service, SMS) untuk pemantauan paras air yang berterusanjika perlu

Development of Vehicle Lighting System Using LED Application

A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor device which converts electricity into light. LEDs are preferred over incandescent lamps because of their long life and their availability in various colors and brightness levels. The aim of this paper is to present the development of vehicle lighting system using LED application. In this system, high power LEDs type is chosen as automobile headlight model and controller circuit using microcontroller is considered. The LEDs are driven using buck converter circuit with appropriate Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal whereby the PWM signals are generated by microcontroller. The system is divided into 2 modes of operation, manual and automatic. The automatic mode of operation will be operating when the LDR senses the level of light brightness whereby the level of brightness is proportion to duty cycle of PWM. Meanwhile, for the manual mode of operation, 3 switches which are SW2 with 20% duty cycle, SW3 with 40% duty cycle and SW3 with 80% duty cycle are developed. The result shows that the maximum brightness of LED is about 127.6 Lumen at 80% of duty cycle for manual operation mode. Besides, by varying theduty cycle of PWM signal for both modes of operation, manual and automatic, LED brightness can be controlled